Exploring S- and Z-Twist

Materials

Fiber Natural-colored cotton, 3 oz (85 g), white; 1½ oz (42.6 g) each of light brown and red-brown.
Yarn Warp: 2-ply S-twist; 24 wpi; about 2,100 ypp; laceweight, white/ light brown marl, 300 yd. 2-ply Z-twist; 24 wpi; about 2,100 ypp; lace weight, white/red-brown marl, 300 yd.
Weft: 16/2 cotton (6,760 yd/lb; Maurice Brassard), Natural, 240 yd.
Equipment 4-shaft loom, 10" weaving width; 10-dent reed; 1 shuttle.
Other supplies Dawn dish detergent;baking soda.
Structure Plain weave.
Warp length 200 ends 3 yd (108") long (allows 7" for take-up, 29" for sampling and loom waste; loom waste includes fringe).
Setts Warp: 20 epi (2/dent in a 10-dent reed). Weft: 10–11 ppi.
Dimensions Width in the reed: 10".
Woven length: (measured under tension on the loom) 72".
Finished size (after wet-finishing) 9" × 61" with 2" fringe.

About: Tom Knisely has taught weaving and spinning for the past 40 or so years. He enjoys collecting and studying antique textiles to gain a better understanding of how they were woven. He writes about textiles for Long Thread Media and has published six books on textiles. In addition, Tom has written two children’s books about spinning and weaving.

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